Name the two coins introduced by iltutmish which were treated as basic coins of the sultanate period. The iqta is first mentioned in arab sources in the late seventh century but became widespread during the eighth through the tenth centuries under the abbasids. By the end of the th century there was no smaller administrative unit than iqta. Much later during the gupta period, when the worship of lord vishnu developed, many holy books including the ramayan and the mahabharata were composed depicting the love and mystical union of the individual with god. Name the delhi sultanate ruler who set up diwanikhairat. Administration of india under the delhi sultanate history. It is generally accepted that the iqta system was established at the end of the. Chapter five creation of an administrative structure.
Class 11 th history government of the delhi sultanate. After that iqtas were divided into smaller units called shiqqs, which were put under shiqqdars. First sultan to put forward his views about kingship according to which the king was the shadow of god title nvabatikhudui and inscribed zillah on coins. Trace the origin and development of the bhakti movement in the turkoafghan. Delhi sultanate, principal muslim power in north india from the th to the 16th century, enabled by the campaigns of the ghurid dynasty and made independent by iltutmish. Jagir, also spelled as jageer, was a type of feudal land grant in the indian subcontinent at the foundation of its jagirdar system. Brief notes on the land revenue system of sultanate period. Financial system of delhi sultanate the financial system was an important part of the administration of the delhi sultanate. It was a period which saw the systematization of agrarian exploitation and concentration of resources. India from the early medieval period was accustomed with. In the absence of a law of succession, intrigues, civil war and violence. Sultans of delhi sultanate like balban,iltutmish,allauddin khilji etc effectively used the iqtadari system for their centralization of power.
Examine the working of the iqta system during the sultanate period. The reference material for this post is ncert history text for class 7 our past 1. One of alnasir muhammads usurpers, husam aldin lajin, initiated a major cadastral survey, or rawk, in 697. Initially the delhi sultans had divided their empire into several iqtas or provinces or spheres of influence and put them under the charge of officers called iqtadars governors. This document is highly rated by upsc students and has been viewed 5711 times. The success of iltutmish as sultan of delhi and the remarkable achievements of. Out of the taxes collected,the surplus after meeting the expenses of the army authority was only for collecting taxes. He initiated the iqta system in which lands were granted to nobles and his. Iqta a term designating a conditional grant of an allotment of land a type of benefice to feudal lords in the countries of the middle east in the middle ages. The ramayan and the mahabharata, though written earlier were rewritten during the gupta times. Under the system, the whole empire was divided into several large and small tracts of land, called the iqtas, which were assigned to nobles, officers and soldiers for the purpose of administration and revenue collection.
The land was normally given to contractors to collect the revenue. The prominent orientalist claude cahen described the iqta as follows. Iqtadari system, iqta system, iqta system during sultanate. The delhi sultans divided their kingdom into a number of units known as iqtas. Aybaks accidental death during a game of polo in 1210 ended a promising career, but his role as lieutenant during mucizz aldns life, and later as his successor, entitles him to an important place in the formative history of the delhi sultanate. The delhi sultanate is a period of time that covers five dynasties from 1206 to 1526.
Now tax farming implies to the responsibility of collecting of taxes by groupsread third parties. In this article on medieval india, we plan to cover the delhi sultanate. There were 3 main purposes of the iqtadari system and 4 main types. During the sultanate period,the land was distributed to the lords as iqtas with the authority to collect taxes. History notes for iqtadari system of delhi sultanate administration. Based on the religion, people were broadly categorised into hindus and muslims. These points might come quite handy during preparation of prelims and mains, to get a quick grasp of the subject. Under iqta system, the land of the empire was divided into several large and small tracts called iqta and assigned these iqtas to his soldiers, officers and nobles. The ghorids were rulers of a small kingdom in the herat area, who took advantage of this weakness.
Look at map 1 and locate dehlii kuhna, siri and jahanpanah. Abbasid period and got consolidated during the seljuk period. The revenue system during the period of the delhi sultanate suffered from certain defects. Sultanate in the beginning of the thirteenth century. The delhi sultans built many cities in the area that we now know as delhi. Economic and social conditions under the delhi sultanate and the mughals.
It developed during the islamic rule era of the indian subcontinent, starting in the early th century, wherein the powers to govern and collect tax from an estate was granted to an appointee of the state. During iltutmishs reign, the city of delhi emerged as the centre of islamic power and culture in india. Iqta and the effort to balance autonomy with service. Each iqta was headed by a millatry leader known as mukti. Under the sultanate period no other religion except islam was recognized by the state. During the period of the mamluk sultanate, the regime undertook a series of. The new system served as the basis for coinage for much of the sultanate period and even beyond, though periodic shortages of silver caused further debasement. The rise of the new kingdoms and the decline of the delhi sultanate the causes that led to the rise and fall of the sultanate. Though most of the people professed the hindu faith yet the state patronage was accorded only to islam. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Doc iqta system during sultanate period adarsh saini. Socio economic setup during the delhi sultanate, the society was in transition phase.
Iqta system coins currency free 30day trial scribd. This article gives you information on the land revenue system of sultanate period, india. The revenue system during the period of delhi sultanate suffered from certain defects. This system gave the officials opportunities to make arbitrary decisions. In the seljuk empire, the move toward the iqta system was facilitated by the persian. Administration of the delhi sultanate iqta system under delhi sultanate the society was divided into four chief groups namely aristocrats,priests,town dwellers and the peasants. He built the hauzishamsi reservoir in mehrauli in 1230. Womens college, jalpaiguri on 27th december, 2011, page 1 of 4. A study of state during the sultanate period will reveal certain specific features which are described below. Apr 30, 2020 the iqta system,revenue and administration the delhi sultanate, history, upsc upsc notes edurev is made by best teachers of upsc. Iqtadari system did not confer any ownership in land and it was subject to transfer.
The iqta system,revenue and administration the delhi. Initially, iqta was a revenueyielding piece of land which was assigned in lieu of salary. The history of the delhi sultanate shows that the death of the monarch was usually followed by a period of uncertainty. Wells were the major source for artificial irrigation and here we find a distinct improvement was effected during the sultanate period for water lifting. He organised the chalisa or the famous turkish forty to help him in the administration. Only main points from the chapters are compiled below. Iqta system under iqta system, the land of the empire was divided into several large and small tracts called iqta and assigned these iqtas to his soldiers, officers and nobles.
The iqtadari was a unique type of land distribution and administrative system evolved during the sultanate perod. To maintain their rule, the turks introduced many administrative practices which, by and large, continued for a long time with some changes. Since the turks came from central asia, they, in the initial stage, were unaware of the indian political and economic system. India during the sultanate period your article library. Under weak rulers power and ambitions rose high and even threatene stability of the government. Ncert solutions for class 7 social science history our pasts2, ncert textbook solutions for class 7 history, ncert solutions for class 7 history, our pasts 2 class 7th ncert solutions history, ncert solutions for class 7 history social science chapter 6 towns, traders and craftspersons, social science sst history class 7 cbsencert.
They rendered manual services to earn their livelihood. Social conditions during the rule of the delhi sultans, the muslim n was a powerful political force. The muslim nobility period was not homogeneous in character, but coml of various nationalities such as turk, afghan, abyssl egyptian and arab. The iqtadari system witnessed numerous changes during the sultanate period. Besides, there were other taxes which the peasants had to pay beside the landrevenue and that certainly meant extra burden on them. Hindu rajahs, who wanted to throw off the muslim yoke. During these years, hindistani music and carnatic music, both subgenres of indian classical music, were. During the 12th cantury, the ghaznavids were weakened considerably through their incessant warfare with the seljuqs on their western frontier. There were three types of taxes 1 on cultivation called kharaj and amounting to about 50 per cent of the peasants produce, 2 on cattle and 3 on houses.
During the period of instability, mamluk leaders became aware of the structural weakness of the iqta system and made attempts to remedy it. In iltutmishs time, tabarhinda bhatinda too was in khalisa. How can we explain the frequent dynasty changes in the. Iqta system the iqtadari was a unique type of land distribution and administrative system evolved during the sultanate of iltutmish. In a broadranging, accessible narrative, peter jackson traces the history of the sultanate from its foundation in 1210 to its demise in 1400 at the sack of delhi by the central asian conqueror, tamerlane.
The iqtadari was a unique type of land distribution and administrative system evolved during the sultanate of iltutmish. The iqta system was provided institutional status by iltutmish and later this system became the mainstay of the sultanate administration under slave dynasty. Iqta is an arabic word denoting a sort of administrative regional unit. Land, property rights and institutional durability in medieval.
He organized the iqta system and introduced reforms in civil administration and army, which was now centrally paid and recruited. He introduced the silver tanka and the copper jital the two basic coins of the sultanate period, with a standard weight of 175 grains. State the significance of dagh system introduced by aluddin khilji. Take a look at table 1 again and identify the five dynasties that together made the delhi sultanate. After a period of imperialism, the sultanate s power began to decline after the timurid invasions and was later subsumed into the mughal empire. What were the three types of taxes collected during the sultanate period. Iltumish completed the construction of qutub minar. During the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, the sultanate was the principal.